Depthof Field (DOF) Lebar : Depth of Field (DOF) lebar berarti sebagian besar dari dari obyek yang terdekat kamera sampai obyek terjauh akan memiliki ketajaman yang merata. Cara untuk mendapatkan DOF lebar akan menggunakan setingan aperture bukaan kecil/angka besar. Dengan menggunakan aperture angka besar atau disebut bukaan kecil misal F8, akan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih luas area ketajaman fotonya dari pada menggunakan setingan aperture F3.5.
You've heard the advice a million times"Master depth of field, and your photos will magically look much better."Just to mention one example. Photography master and author, Harold Davis, in his great book, 'Creative Composition Digital Photography Tips and Techniques', maintains"Depth of field is a key compositional element in many, if not most, photographs. It is one of the most important tools a photographer can use to create striking images."And it's true – using depth of field the right way is very powerful. It can radically transform good photos into images that win hearts and sounds so only problem?You aren't sure how to really put depth of field into practical can you shoot shallow depth of field? Or deep depth of field? When should you use one approach or the other? Where should you focus the lens? What camera settings should you use?Because while many experts preach the virtues of strategic use of depth of field, almost nobody tells you how to do a result, many well-intentioned photographers are spending their precious time trying to apply depth of field without even completely understanding the concept itself nor knowing how to properly use that's your case, don't worry! You're not the only one...In my courses, I explain depth of field together with camera aperture, just after the exposure triangle aperture-shutter speed-ISO. I support the theory class with many examples and online tools, including the PhotoPills online depth of field calculator, to help students visualize which settings come into play when shooting both shallow and deep depths of of the moments students love is when I take my iPhone and use the augmented reality view of PhotoPills DoF calculator app to answer one of the most common questions"That's very cool... but, where do I focus exactly?"Surprisingly enough, I don't get many questions during the theory class. It seems that everyone has properly assimilated the concept. Unfortunately, nothing could be further from the not until the following day, while I'm heldig the practical class, that problems quickly arise. These obstacles fill the atmosphere with frustration and despair, reminding me exactly what I felt when I first started studying and using depth of of the students start to realize how their creativity is limited by the incapacity of shooting the desired level of depth of field. This is mainly due to two causesThey have not properly internalized the limitations of their own equipment, in most cases a basic DSLR camera with a 18-55mm f/ the top six problems with depth of field areWhen shooting portraits, most students fail to separate the subject from the background. They cannot blur enough the background elements to get the desired shallow depth of shooting landscapes, they typically fail to get everything sharp. "Why do I get the mountains or the stars blurred?" - they ask. They are reluctant to use the hyperfocal distance, so they pick small apertures f/16, f/22 to maximize depth of field. Neglecting that, when shooting with a wide angle lens 10mm to 35mm, focusing at the hyperfocal distance is the easiest way to maximize depth of most students don't know how to focus at the hyperfocal distance. They try to focus the lens at the exact number the hyperfocal table pops out, falling short most of the time. Keep this in mind, don't fall short otherwise you'll get an image with the subjects on the horizon out of focus. Make sure you focus at a slightly longer distance than the hyperfocal distance and you'll get background elements the stars in sharp focus. It will work every time you try it!Students realize that their basic equipment puts a limit to their creative mind, not allowing them to turn their ideas into real clearly show that the concept wasn't understood, mixing up depth of field with focal length, and even with the minimum focus distance. Others mix up the focus distance subject distance with the hyperfocal and advanced photographers don't understand the meaning and practical use of the circle of goal with this step-by-step depth of field tutorial is to help you easily overcome all the difficulties you'll come across when shooting for a desired depth of field, regardless of your level of expertise beginner, advanced or professional.After reading it, you will quickly get the creative control over what is in sharp focus in your images, and what is do so, I'll give you everything you need, from theoretical concepts depth of field, hyperfocal distance, circle of confusion, etc. to practical tools like PhotoPills and its free online calculators DoF calculator, hyperfocal distance chart, circle of confusion calculator, diffraction calculator, etc., together with a large number of inspiring images and other words, you're about to gain the power to decide how much depth of field you want and where you want it, so you can reach the highest level of self expression through photography. Or like the Masters say, your photos will begin to have a great depth of feeling."Look and think before opening the shutter. The heart and mind are the true lens of the camera." - Yousuf Karsh Depth of Field The Definitive Photography Guide Get this ebook for free now! ContentQuick answers to depth of field questionsInspiring depth of field examplesWhat is depth of field?How to use the hyperfocal distanceWhat is the Circle of Confusion?Depth of field vs apertureDepth of field vs diffractionDepth of field vs subject distanceDepth of field vs focal lengthDepth of field vs teleconvertersDepth of field vs sensor sizeThe preview depth of field buttonMacro photography and depth of field*Bokeh* vs depth of fieldThe secret to answers to depth of field questionsBefore I get into detail explaining depth of field, I thought that, for those of you that are looking for fast answers, it would be more useful to start with this question-answer summaryWhat's depth of field?Depth of field DoF is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an should I care?Mastering depth of field will give you the creative control over what's in sharp focus in your images, turning you into a better me a few Masters to inspire meI love the work of theses photographers Bill Gekas, Utah Barth, Clyde Butcher and Jose B. affects depth of field?Depth of field depends on aperture, focus distance, focal length and circle of confusion CoC. The latter depends on camera sensor size, final image print size, image viewing distance and viewer's visual more DoF small apertures f/8-f/22, short focal lengths 10-35mm, longer focus distances, smaller camera sensors crop.Produce less DoF wide apertures f/ long focal lengths 70-600mm, short focus distances, larger camera sensors full frame.Are there any depth of field calculators?Yes! Feel free to use the PhotoPills online free depth of field charts and calculators. And, if you prefer a depth of field app, check our PhotoPills app. It includes everything you need as a photographer or filmmaker ;What's the circle of confusion CoC?It's a convention used to establish what we consider to be acceptably sharp in a photo. It's the maximum diameter mm that a blur spot on the camera sensor will be seen as a point in focus in the final printed photo. You need to decide its value to calculate depth of field the hyperfocal distance?When focusing at the hyperfocal distance, everything falling from half of this distance to infinity will be in focus. It depends on aperture, focal length and circle of confusion. It does not depend on focus distance subject distance.What's the practical use of the hyperfocal distance?The hyperfocal distance is commonly used in landscape and night photography to maximize depth of field when shooting with a wide angle lens 10-35mm.How to focus at the hyperfocal distance?Focusing the lens at exactly the hyperfocal distance is very difficult. Sometimes, it's not even necessary. Once you've calculated the hyperfocal distance, make sure you focus the lens at a distance that is a little bit longer 2-3ft - than the hyperfocal distance. If you focus at a shorter distance than the hyperfocal distance, even by an inch the subjects at the horizon stars won't be in focus!What's the setting most commonly used to control depth of field?Aperture! Why? Because it's the easiest way to achieve the depth of field you need. Use wider apertures to reduce DoF and smaller ones to increase it. But, it's not always possible to choose an aperture based on a depth of field on the photo, there will be other factors that will limit your aperture choice. For example, in wildlife photography, when shooting an animal in motion, you'll need to take into account shutter speed and ISO, if you want to freeze the movement and get an image correctly to shoot for deep depth of field when using a wide angle lens 10-35mm?Once you've decided the focal length and aperture, focus the lens at the hyperfocal distance, always making sure that you're not falling short. It's better to focus a little bit further than the hyperfocal distance. This will ensure that everything at the horizon is in focus. Falling short will blur all the elements at the horizon mountains, stars, etc..How to shoot for deep depth of field when using a long focal length 70mm or larger?Get further from the subject, use small apertures f/8, f/11, f/16, and focus on a point located in the lower third of the to shoot for shallow depth of field?Decide the amount of depth of field you need and get close to the subject, use wide apertures f/ and long focal lengths from 70mm or larger. Finally, focus the lens on the part of the subject you want to direct the viewer's with a full frame camera will also produce a shallower depth of field than shooting with a cropped I always shoot with small apertures f/11-f/22 to maximize depth of field?No! Why? Because diffraction will decrease the resolution of your photography and thus will reduce sharpness. Diffraction puts a limit to the aperture is diffraction?Diffraction is the result of light dispersion caused by the edges of the diaphragm blades in the lens. The smaller the aperture the more light rays are scattered, and more negatively will the photo be the depth of field preview button?It's the camera button that reduces the lens aperture to the set value giving you a preview of the image areas that will be sharp. I don't really use it!Does the typical DoF calculator work for macro photography?No! You need to take into account magnification. Use our online macro depth of field lenses do you recommend for macro photography?The following ones are greatNikon Micro-60mm f/ Macro 90mm f/ Macro 100m f/ Macro 60mm f/ Micro 105mm f/ Macro 150mm f/ Micro 200mm f/ bokeh?Bokeh is the Japanese word for "blur". In photography, it is used to describe the quality of the blur produced in the out of focus areas of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh and shallow depth of field are not the lenses give me a good bokeh?Lenses that will give you great bokehNikon 85mm f/ 24-70mm f/ 28-70mm f/ 24-70mm f/ 135mm f/2 200mm f/2 200mm f/2 that will give you bad bokehNikon 50mm f/ 50mm f/ 18-105mm f/ 24-105mm f/ do I shoot a nice bokeh?Use a long focal length 50mm or more. Select a wide aperture f/ f/ f/ Get close to the subject. Focus the lens on the subject you want to be sharp. Put your subject far from the background that you want blurred out. Make sure that there are small background highlights, such as specular reflections or light sources artificial or natural.If you don't find an answer here, you'll find it in the following sections. But if you still have a question, please, feel free to use the "Comments" area at the bottom of this article to ask us! depth of field examplesNikon D4s 85mm f/ 1/60s ISO 100 2350K Focus on Mar's fingertips m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 50% - DoF behind 50% - uses having a great depth of field, if there is not an adequate depth of feeling?" - William Eugene SmithIt's all about depth of feeling! William Eugene Smith wisely reminds us that depth of field by itself is just another tool more at our it can be a pretty useless one if you don't know how to put it to creative use. Let's face it, at the end of the day, what will really make your photos stand out from the crowd is your creative mind the idea, the message, the story you're willing to depth of field is a great tool that you can use to turn your thoughts into real stunning pictures. Internalize the concept, learn it and I promise that by controlling the areas of your images that are sharp you'll become a great storyteller and, thus, a better before we plunge ourselves into the exciting universe of depth of field, let me share a few examples with you... seeking having a closer look at these depth of field examples, you'll get an idea of both "where to focus" and "what settings to use" depending on the type of photography and goal you have in depth of field examplesSometimes, you'll want to maximize depth of field in order to keep everything sharp. A classic example is when you're photographing the Milky Way, where you typically want to capture detail from the foreground to the horizon while capturing stars as big bright spots. Commonly, you'll use deep depth of field when photographing landscapes daytime and at night, seascapes, cityscapes and good news is that, as I'll explain in detail in this tutorial, if you're shooting with a wide angle lens 10-35 mm, you just need to focus at the hyperfocal distance to maximize depth of the contrary, in landscape photography, when you're using a telephoto lens 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, the hyperfocal distance is so large that you cannot focus at it. Since you'll be using small apertures f/11, f/16, etc. to maximize depth of field, the rule of the thumb is to focus on a point located in the lower third of the scene. This trick works because when you are using these small apertures and long focal lengths, depth of field usually is distributed 1/3 in front of the focus point and 2/3 behind it. Make sure you're not focusing at infinity, because you'll get blur in the D700 14mm f/ 30s ISO 3200 3500K Focus at hyperfocal distance m In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞This photo is related to seamen stories and legends. I tried to connect Heaven and Hell with a stair made of stars. Focusing at the hyperfocal distance was essential to maximize depth of field. If you want to know what inspired me and how I took it, take a look at our Milky Way photography on in this tutorial, I'll explain that focusing at a distance larger than the hyperfocal distance ensures that the depth of field far limit stays at infinity. Thus, all the elements in the horizon or further away will be in sharp focus stars. The only downside is that you lose depth of field in front of the focus X100 23mm f/11 1/80s ISO 200 3500K Focus at hyperfocal distance m In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞In 2012, a very rare phenomenon took place in Menorca it snowed! This photo shows the white landscape and, in the background, El Toro – our highest D700 35mm f/8 110s ISO 200 5000K Focus on the main rock 20 mts In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞This image was taken during a photographic session with my friend and master José Benito Ruiz. Twenty minutes prior to this shot, the sky was flat with no clouds. Nothing presaged the twilight of lights and colors that we enjoyed minutes later. Once again, Ansel Adams was on our reason I didn't focus at the hyperfocal distance is because I didn't have any interesting foreground or background elements in the frame. Since the rocks were at a distance larger than the hyperfocal distance ft - the easiest thing to do in this case was to directly focus on the main D700 85mm f/13 30s ISO 200 3550K Focus at hyperfocal distance In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞Ciutadella de Menorca, the village where I live is pure magic. The image above includes streetlights, lighthouses, the Moon and, at the horizon, Mallorca, the biggest piece of land in the Balearic Islands, to complete a great scene during the blue D700 24mm f/11 1/125s ISO 200 4600K Focus at hyperfocal distance In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞The roof of the Cathedral of Ciutadella is a unique place. As it is unique to live a sunset from such a privileged position above the village. Again, focusing at the hyperfocal distance allowed me to have everything in focus, from the roof adornment located in the foreground to the D700 14mm f/ 30s ISO 3200 3050K Focus at hyperfocal distance m In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞After a PhotoPills' nightscape, It's always a good idea to take a photo of the team Germán the Architect, Joan the Rock Star, Rafael the Bard and myself with the glorious Milky Way crossing the sky. For obvious reasons, you'll notice that it was taken after shooting a Star Wars depth of field examplesSometimes, you'd rather to use a shallow depth of field to direct the viewer's attention to a specific area in order to separate your subject from a busy background. This is very common in portraits. But it also comes very handy when shooting landscapes, street photography, products, events, close-ups and macro obtain a shallow depth of field you'll generally get closer to the subject, focus on the part of the subject that you want to be perfectly sharp and use large focal lengths from 70mm with wide apertures f/ D700 85mm f/ 1/350s ISO 200 4113K Focus on Júlia's left eye 2m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 50% - DoF behind 50% - shot this picture outside, where the light was enhanced with a golden reflector. The focus is precisely placed on Júlia's left eye on my right hand side. Consequently, all the attention is directed to the eye, which is placed right in the center of the image. I didn't follow any rule, but I made sure sure the eye's line was placed at one third from the top of the D700 85mm f/ 1/125s ISO 1250 3000K Focus on Anna's chest 8m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - happiness and the beautiful background bokeh seems to hold Anna in the air. The forest brings so many fantastic opportunities to shoot portraits. Take advantage of it!Nikon D700 85mm f/2 1/10s ISO 400 5627K Focus on a person in the middle of the group 8m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 47% - DoF behind 53% - rainy forest and my brave students. What else can you ask for?Nikon D700 500mm f/8 1/500s ISO 200 5700K Focus on the eye of the bee-eater 10m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 50% - DoF behind 50% - image is the result of a great photo session with the bee-eater Merops apiaster in one of Menorca's breeding colonies. In wildlife photography, you must focus very precisely because long focal lengths produce a very shallow depth of field. The photo was taken from inside a hide. The colors and beauty of the plumage of these birds makes photography an was able to close the aperture because the bee-eater was staying still, which in turn allowed me to have the whole bird in focus!Nikon D700 500mm f/ 1/1500s ISO 800 5700K Focus on the eye of the Buzzard 20m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - opposed to the previous picture, this one was taken while the Buzzard Buteo buteo was in motion. I had to widen the aperture a little bit to increase shutter speed and, thus, freeze the bird. A few seconds before I was shooting with my Nikon D300s with a teleconverter attached to my 500mm lens. As I saw that the bird was approaching me, I decided to switch to my Nikon D700 and 500mm lens. Notice that I didn't crop the photo, so changing the gear was a great decision. I was pretty lucky!Nikon D7100 500mm f/8 1/40s ISO 200 6850K Panorama of 11 pictures portrait. In every picture, the lens was focused on the rocks to keep them in stitching 11 pictures with little depth of field, you can create a panorama where the overall depth of field is quite considerable. Using the technique of focus stacking to create beautiful panoramas is another way to control the areas of the image you want to be D700 85mm f/ 1/125s ISO 200 5000K Focus on Aina's eyes 4m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 50% - DoF behind 50% - should try sometime the Brenizer method Ryan Brenizer. This method consists in creating portraits by shooting several pictures with the same depth of field using a fast telephoto lens to finally build a you look at it, you have the impression that the image had been taken using a wide angle lens but with little depth of field. This photo is the result of 57 frames stitched together with the software PTGui Pro. The hardest part of the job was for Aina, my little daughter, who had to stay the whole session without Fm2n 85mm f/2 1/350s ISO 400 Kodak Tri-X 400 film Focus on Aina's head 3m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 50% - DoF behind 50% - time to time, I like to detox from the digital system using my film cameras. I still keep in perfect conditions my first Olympus OM-10, a Yashica mat 124-G, a few Polaroid Land and my preferred Fm2n. All of them still work perfectly well! In the picture you see, Aina is sitting on a chair, waiting for her mother while she's shopping. Without a doubt, the grain from analogic cameras is unbeatable, artistically D700 85mm f/ 1/500s ISO 200 5700K Focus on the bottle 4m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - picture was taken during a traditional slaughter of pigs in a small village in Mallorca. A raging backlight of the rising Sun impacted the scene outlining the butcher's silhouette. The product in the foreground is a typical spirit from D700 500mm f/ 1/10s ISO 400 5600K Focus on the head of the first racing horse 442ft 135m In Focus from 405ft to 486ft Total DoF DoF in front 45% - DoF behind 54% - Joan is one of the best traditional festivals in the world. Celebrated in Ciutadella at the end of June, it includes the popular horse races. The horses and riders run among the crowd, making it an incredibly dangerous moment for both the riders and spectators. Here, I shaked the camera to give a sense of speed to the image. Learn more about this great festival reading 'Dreaming of Sant Joan'.Nikon D300s 200mm f/ 1/500s ISO 200 6600K Focus on the statue 49ft 15 m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - emblematic buildings of my village gave me the opportunity to play with my 80-200mm lens. In this image the façade of the City Hall is blurred becoming the ideal background for the famous statue placed on top of the manor house Torre-Saura. Both details melt together in the D4s 105mm f/ 1/500s ISO 800 5500K Extension rings 20mm + 36mm Focus on the eyes of the water snake 4 mOccasionally, when you least expect it, nature offers you a great scene. This water snake was quietly resting in a cattle trough in a nearby oak grove. After 10 minutes of "try and fail", it allowed me to focus on its eyes and I managed take this D700 24mm inverted f/ 1/20s ISO 400 5500K Focus on the right-hand side stamenShooting macro photography with the reverse lens technique can become an addiction abstraction to create art. In this case, I was able to reach a rate of magnification of 41 using a Cosina wide-angle with a lens reversing course, these are just a few examples of depth of field practical use. Feel free to apply it to any type of photography and situation you desire... Just be as much creative as possible!Now that you have an idea about the results you can get applying depth of field, it's time to dig deeper into the concept you ready? Take a deep breath and dive is depth of field?Nikon D300s 105mm f/3 1/6000s ISO 200 4700K Focus on the eyes of the hoverfly 1ft mDue to the fact that a camera can precisely focus the lens at only one distance at a time, sharpness gradually decreases on each side of the focused distance or, if you prefer, the plane of focus PoF.Depth of field definitionAs a result, depth of field DoF is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF near limit. Similarly, the distance between the camera and the furthest element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF far limit. Notice that the limits of depth of field are not hard boundaries between sharp and unsharp since defocus is produced of field is not equally distributed in front near and behind far your focus point. Usually, the far DoF is larger than the near a given focal length, the nearer you focus the more evenly distributed your DoF will be 50%-50%. On the contrary, the furthest you focus the less evenly similar fashion, for a given focus distance, a telephoto lens will give you a more evenly distributed DoF than a wide angle on the settings used for the shot, the area that is considered to be acceptably sharp in your image can go from less than a millimeter Macro Photography to kilometers, and even to infinity Landscape or Astrophotography.This last infinite depth of field situation occurs when you focus the lens at what is called the hyperfocal distance or at any distance larger than the hyperfocal section 4, I'll explain in detail the hyperfocal distance and its applications. You'll see that knowing the hyperfocal distance is very useful to maximize depth of field when shooting a landscape with a wide angle lens 14mm-35mm.An interesting depth of field factThere is a DoF fact to which I specially want you to pay attention. I believe that it'll help you better understand depth of field and its creative use"The plane of focus is perpendicular to the shooting direction."OK, OK... I know, this seems obvious, but you can take advantage of it in a creative a look at the following portrait. It belongs to one of my personal projects called "Woman, Mixed Emotions".Nikon D4s 85mm f/ 1/500s ISO 320 3951K Focused on Maria's eyes In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 49% - DoF behind 50% - work goes far beyond any historical moment, any geographical spot and any role that has been attributed to women by society. The viewer is lead through a visual intimate path to finally discover the deepest emotions that dwell in our picture represents the beginning of a terrible disease cancer. It immortalizes the very first moment Maria, now totally recovered, looked at her falling hair and realized that her life would turn into a real nightmare. She was suffering but also pulling all her strength and energy to fight back the tell Maria's story, the challenge was that I needed both Maria's face and hands to be in the plane of focus in sharp focus. At the same time I wanted the body, where her cancer was growing, completely out of focus. How did I take it?First, I used a subject distance focus distance of ft a focal length of 85mm and an aperture of f/ to minimize my depth of field. Then, I asked Maria to separate her hands from the body. I climbed on top of a ladder and focused the lens on Maria's eyes. Finally, I shot in a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by Maria's face and hands, getting both in sharp focus in the plane of focus.The following picture is the illustration of how depth of field worked for me that Focus plane is perpendicular to the shooting direction. Take advantage of it in a creative this simple example, I also want to point out that"The photo is where it is, not where you are."So go, move around and find the right shooting position. The right spot is where everything makes sense and where all the elements you need come together in a superb move on!Depth of field calculatorDepth of field is a function of the camera type sensor size or film, aperture, focus distance, focal length and the subjective assumptions behind what is considered to be "acceptably sharp", which I'll explain in section 5 circle of confusion. Depending on the settings and assumptions you use, you'll get a depth of field or aperture is the setting that beginners typically use to control depth of field. The wider the aperture smaller f-number f/ to f/4, the shallower the depth of field. On the contrary, the smaller the aperture large f-number f/11 to f/22, the deeper the depth of field. However, as you read through this article, you'll find out that other options allow you to make the most out of your depth of field creative decisions, not only by changing the before I explain in detail how each one of these settings influences depth of field and how you can take advantage of it, let me insert here the PhotoPills depth of field calculator. It'll help you assess which camera settings you require to achieve a desired level of using the PhotoPills online Depth of field calculator!Note This DoF calculator considers the following hypothesis to define what's "acceptably sharp" given the sensor size, the circle of confusion is calculated assuming a print size of 8"×10" 20cm×25cm, a viewing distance of 10" 25cm and the manufacturers standard visual acuity. PhotoPills includes a depth of field chart and an advanced DoF calculator where you can change these hypothesis to adjust the circle of confusion you you prefer to work with a table, here you have the PhotoPills online depth of field using this DoF calculator, many of my students mix up the subject distance and the hyperfocal distance. These two distances are the same only when you want to focus at the hyperfocal hyperfocal distance only depends on aperture, focal length, camera sensor and circle of confusion. It does not depend on subject distance focus distance. So, subject distance is not a field you need to introduce when calculating the hyperfocal to make it clear, use the calculator to fill in the hyperfocal distance in the subject distance field. You'll see that the far DoF limit is situated at infinity and the near DoF limit is situated at half the hyperfocal to use the hyperfocal distanceNikon D4s 24mm f/ 20s ISO 6400 3050 K Panorama 11 photos Focus at hyperfocal distance In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞No matter the type of photo you're shooting landscape, night, seascapes, cityscapes, architecture..., when your goal is to maximize depth of field shooting with a wide angle lens under 35mm, you just need to follow these stepsUse the automatic focus system of your camera to focus at the hyperfocal back the camera to manual and shot... that simple!Hyperfocal distance definitionIn other words, when the lens is focused at the hyperfocal distance, everything that falls at any given distance from half of this distance out to infinity will be acceptably sharp, which is the maximum depth of field you can have. Therefore, calculating the hyperfocal distance is a "must" in landscape and night photography that if you focus at a distance that is shorter than the hyperfocal distance, the depth of field far limit will not be at infinite. This will result into blurring the elements at the horizon or furthest background elements like mountains or stars.In practice, as I explain in our Milky Way photography guide, focusing exactly at the hyperfocal distance is very difficult. So you need to make sure that you're focusing at a distance that is a bit larger than the hyperfocal. Actually, not much larger, one foot 30cm will do the job. It's better to have a little bit less depth of field in front of the focus point rather than blurring the background example, in night photography, if you focus at a shorter distance than the hyperfocal, the depth of field far limit will not be at infinite, which will blur the stars. By focusing at a slightly larger distance, the depth of field near limit will be a bit further from the camera, but the stars will be perfectly in distance table calculating the hyperfocal distanceThe hyperfocal distance depends on the selected aperture, focal length, camera sensor size and circle of confusion assumptions, or what is considered to be "acceptably sharp" explained in detail in section 5."Hey Toni, that's great but, how do you calculate the hyperfocal distance?"Don't worry about calculations, you don't have to work out the numbers with the hyperfocal distance equations, just use PhotoPills or the following hyperfocal distance chart that works for Nikon, Canon and any other brand 35mm and cropped sensors.Start using the PhotoPills online Hyperfocal distance table!Note This calculator considers the following hypothesis to define what's "acceptably sharp" given the sensor size, the circle of confusion is calculated assuming a print size of 8"×10" 20cm×25cm, a viewing distance of 10" 25cm and the manufacturers standard visual having a quick look at the hyperfocal distance table we can conclude thatThe shortest the focal length, the shorter the hyperfocal distance and, thus, the more longest the focal length, the larger the hyperfocal distance and, thus, the less smaller the aperture large f-numbers, the shorter the hyperfocal distance and, thus, the more wider the aperture small f-numbers, the larger the hyperfocal distance and, thus, the less to focus at the hyperfocal distanceOne of the questions I get the most when shooting the Milky Way with my students is"How do I focus at the hyperfocal distance? The hyperfocal distance for my shot is ft m. I believe that I'm focusing at it, but I don't get the stars in sharp focus. What am I doing wrong?"It seems that photographers know how to calculate the hyperfocal distance using a DoF calculator or a hyperfocal table, but when it's time to put it to practical use, they fail to get the background elements in focus for example, the stars.If this is happening to you, you're surely focusing your lens at a distance slightly shorter than the hyperfocal... Numbers don't lie!For a full frame Camera, focal length 14mm and aperture f/ the hyperfocal distance is Let's see what happens with depth of field when you focus at a slightly shorter distance at just the hyperfocal distance and at a slightly longer distance Plug the numbers in the DoF calculator to get the following resultsFocus distance vs Depth of FieldFocus distanceDoF near limitDoF far limitTotal Hyperfocal you're shooting outdoors, focusing exactly at the hyperfocal distance is very difficult. You don't usually measure distances with a ruler when you're in the field. Actually, you don't have to!The figures from the table above state that if you fall short when focusing at the hyperfocal distance, even by a few inches a few cm, your DoF far limit will not be at infinity, it'll be much closer. Therefore, you won't get the furthest background elements stars in sharp this case, when focusing at the DoF far limit is just 107ft away from the camera. Anything beyond this distance will appear to be out of focus in the the contrary, if you focus the lens at a distance slightly longer than the hyperfocal distance the DoF far limit will stay at infinity. In other words, you'll get the background elements stars in conclusion, if you fail to focus at exactly the hyperfocal distance, make sure you're failing in to focus at the hyperfocal distance, just make sure you're not falling short. Focus at a slightly larger distance!Have a look at the following video where you can see me focusing at the hyperfocal distance, step by example applying the hyperfocal distanceHave a look at the following photo I took using a focal length of 22mm, an aperture of f/11 and my Nikon D4s full frame. To shoot it, I used the DoF calculator to figure out the hyperfocal distance, which resulted to be Then, I used the automatic focus system of the camera to focus a little bit further than the hyperfocal distance, let's say at Finally, I set back the camera to manual focus, pointed and D4s 22mm f/11 1/216s ISO 100 8046K Focus a bit further than the hyperfocal distance In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞ DoF in front DoF behind ∞Here, the augmented reality of the PhotoPills DoF calculator comes in very handy to visualize where the hyperfocal distance using the DoF calculator, many of my students mix up the subject distance focus distance and the hyperfocal distance. These two distances are the same only when you want to focus at the hyperfocal hyperfocal distance depends on aperture, focal length, camera sensor and circle of confusion only. It does not depend on subject distance. So, subject distance is not a field you need to fill in when calculating the hyperfocal to make it clear, use the calculator to fill in the hyperfocal distance in the subject distance field. You'll see that the far DoF limit is situated at infinity and the near DoF limit is situated at half the hyperfocal is the Circle of Confusion?"If you misbehave, the CoC will get you."When learning depth of field, the circle of confusion CoC is the particular photographer's Bogeyman. Like the imaginary monster that is used to frighten children, the CoC has no specific form or shape, and the idea of it varies dramatically from photographer to photographer. In many cases, it has no set appearance in the photographer's mind – it's just a non-specific embodiment of of confusion definitionThe truth is that there is no reason to fear the circle of confusion. The CoC is simply the maximum size that a blur spot, on the image captured by the camera sensor, will be seen as a point in the final image by a viewer for a given viewing conditions print size, viewing distance and viewer's visual acuity.The green circle represents the circle of confusion CoC. This is the maximum size of a blur spot that will appear to be acceptably sharp in the final image. Any blur spot larger than the accepted CoC will appear to be out of focus. This is the case of the blue other words, it's the size diameter of the largest blur spot in the camera sensor that is indistinguishable from a point on the final image. It's a parameter that defines what's considered to be acceptably sharp in a that without determining the value of the circle of confusion what you consider to be acceptably sharp, you cannot calculate the depth of field you'll have in your image, because you won't know the maximum size that a blur spot can have to be perceived as a as you are going through your depth of field calculations, you need to know and use the diameter of the circle of confusion together with the other shooting settings that affect DoF aperture, focal length and focus distance.Usually, most depth of field calculators use a circle of confusion that is the result of assuming a print size of 8"×10" 20cm×25cm, a viewing distance of 10" 25cm and the manufacturers standard visual acuity. That's the reason you don't need to plug it when using the typical DoF general, these assumptions work pretty well. But if you need to change them print size, viewing distance and visual acuity, use an adjusted value of the circle of confusion CoC when doing your DoF calculations. The typical example is when you want to print an image in large different view of Circle of Confusion paintingsLet me give you a different example. I'll assume that you have good visual acuity, that you're seeing perfectly well. Now, go to a gallery in your town and stand in front of any of the have a look at this masterpiece by Carles Gomila you look at it from a certain distance, the painting appears to be in sharp focus. But, as you get closer, the image turns blurry. If you get close enough, you'll be able to see the detail of the traces or "blur spots" forming the that the diameter of the blur spots forming the painting is inches 1mm. Walk away from the painting. There'll be a distance from where you'll start to see it perfectly in focus, without noticing the traces. Let's assume that this distance is 16ft 5m.Then, I can confirm that, for this given viewing conditions viewing distance 16ft, painting size and your visual acuity, the circle of confusion of the painting is inches 1mm because you'd see any blur spot bigger than inches 1mm to be out of if you want to see the painting in sharp focus from a closer distance, you need the traces or blur spots forming it to be smaller. This means that the acceptable circle of confusion needs to be smaller photography, the blur spots you see in the image are an enlargement of the blur spots captured by the sensor of the camera. This enlargement is given by the proportion between the sensor size and the final image size print size. From now on, every time I'll use the term circle of confusion, I'm referring to the size of a blur spot on the camera sensor, not of the final printed third way of explaining the Circle of ConfusionLet me explain it in a different know that only at the focus distance, a point object will be reproduced as a point image on the sensor. And, as you move away from the plane of focus, any point object will be defocused, producing a blur spot in the image. The "diameter" of this blur spot or blur circle increases with distance from the point of a given camera sensor and viewing conditions print size, viewing distance, viewer's visual acuity, when this blur spot is small enough, we see it as a point in the image and it appears to be in focus. So we say that it is rendered as "acceptably sharp". On the contrary, when this blur spot surpases a certain size, it appears to be out of focus to the maximum size that a blur spot on an image will be seen as a point in focus, is generally accepted to be the largest on-film/sensor circle blur spot that a person with good vision would see as a well defined point on an 8"×10" 20cm×25cm print when viewed from a "normal" viewing distance of 10" 25 cm. This point in focus is commonly known as the acceptable circle of confusion, or simply the circle of confusion CoC. Anything larger would be seen as a small circle, not as a point, and would be therefore perceived as out of course, talking about circles is a simplification. In reality, the circle of confusion is not a circle. It has the same shape as the lens aperture, normally rendered as a polygonal shape. To keep things simple it is typically assumed to be circular, which is accurate when it is very that influence the circle of confusionThe acceptable circle of confusion is influenced by sensor/film size, viewer's visual acuity, viewing distance and print size. Camera manufacturers assume the diameter of the circle of confusion to be inch mm when providing lens depth of field markers shown below for a Zuiko 50mm f/ lens.Zuiko 50mm f/ lens depth of field in fact, a person with 20/20 vision can distinguish objects 1/3 this size, and so the circle of confusion has to be even smaller than this to achieve an acceptable sharpness. Thus, the better visual acuity you have the smaller the circle of confusion should as you increase viewing distance you're missing detail in the image. So the circle of confusion could be larger and you'd still notice the same level of sharpness. On the contrary, when print size image enlargement compared with the camera sensor increases, the circle of confusion needs to be smaller in order to keep the image perceived as conclusion, the circle of confusion is just a variable used to reach consensus on how much a point needs to be blurred in order to be perceived as unsharp for a given camera sensor and viewing conditions print size, viewing distance and visual acuity. Its value is not a dogma, it's just a of confusion calculatorHow do you calculate the circle of confusion? This calculator will help with the math for any given combination of sensor/film size, visual acuity, viewing distance, and print sizeStart using the PhotoPills online Circle of confusion calculator!Also, the following table will help you visualize how print size and viewing distance influence CoC values, when using a full frame camera sensor size of 36×24mm like the Nikon D4s, and the viewer is assumed to have the manufacturer's visual of Confusion per Print Size and Viewing distanceViewing distance m10cm×15cm20cm×30cm30cm×45cm66cm× we learn from the table isFor a given viewing distance, the larger the print size, the smaller the CoC must to be to keep the same depth of field, because of the image a given print size, the shorter the viewing distance, the smaller the CoC must be to keep the same depth of field, because you're viewing more the circle of confusionLet's work with an example. Imagine that your mother's birthday is approaching and you want to surprise her. What about giving her a large format picture of her favourite landscape as birthday present? You know that she loves a little hut in the bay of Fornells Menorca. A print size of 70×150cm would made for an amazing present!Your mother's vision is perfect, she's still young. So you want the main subjects in the printed photo to be sharp, even from a viewing distance of 10" 25cm. This means that you need the fisherman and the hut to be in you'd be focusing at the hut, you need the total depth of field to be larger than the size of the hut, which is 5m the acceptable circle of confusion you need to use when doing your depth of field calculations total DoF before the shot, if you're using your full frame camera in my case a Nikon D700?If you plug all these settings in the Circle of Confusion Calculator, you'll find out that only blur spots with size under will be seen as points in the final printed image. So you must use this specific CoC or a smaller one when doing your depth of field way, the calculated depth of field information will tell you if you'll get the hut in let me use the PhotoPills Advanced Depth of Field calculator to figure out the total depth of field. I took the fisherman photo with my Nikon D700, focusing at the fisherman 492ft - 150m, using a focal length of 200mm and an aperture of f/ also a circle of confusion of in the calculator, I get a total DoF of m, larger than 5m. Therefore, now, I'm sure that, with this settings, I'll get both the fisherman and the hut in if you want to maximize depth of field depending on the print size, viewing distance and visual acuity, you'll need to use an adjusted circle of confusion when calculating the hyperfocal distance, so you know where to focus exactly. Using the wrong CoC can lead you to have a blurry image when circle of confusion influences depth of fieldHow does the circle of confusion affect depth of field? Or in other words, how does the convention of what's considered to be "acceptably sharp" affects depth of field values? Have a look at the following numbers. They have been calculated by only changing the CoC and keeping the rest of settings constant focus distance 3 m, focal length 85 mm, aperture f/ of Confusion vs Depth of FieldCoc mm near limit m far limit m DoF m in distance m sense says that if we accept larger defocused spots to be acceptably sharp larger CoC, then, we'll see in focus a larger area of the image and, therefore, depth of field will increase too. The numbers in the table don't lie"The larger the accepted circle of confusion, the deeper the depth of field."The ultimate circle of confusion tricky questionFinally, to conclude, I'd like you to answer the following question, just to check if you understood the meaning of the circle of confusion"What's the optimal CoC in photography?"Answer it depends!There is not such a good or bad CoC in general, it depends on the sensor size of your camera, the print size you're going to use, the viewing distance you want people to look at the image and the viewer's visual acuity. Depending on these conditions, you'll need the blur spots forming the image to be smaller or, on the contrary, you'll accept them to be these assumptions need to be taken into account when doing the depth of field when your photography mentor asks you "Is a mm CoC a good CoC to have a sharp image?", your answer must be"It depends! What's the sensor size? What's the printing size of the photo? How far will people be viewing it from? What's people visual acuity assumed to be?"TipsFor a desired level of acceptable focus in a photo, you get these relationshipsThe larger the print size, the smaller the blur spots forming the image need to be smaller CoC so they are perceived as points in smaller the camera sensor, the more enlargement will be between the image on the sensor and the final printed image, and the smaller the blur spots forming the image need to be smaller CoC so they are perceived as points in closer the viewing distance, the smaller the blur spots forming the image need to be smaller CoC so they are perceived as points in better visual acuity, the smaller the blur spots forming the image need to be smaller CoC so they are perceived as points in of field vs aperture"For a given subject framing and focus distance, depth of field is controlled by aperture size the smaller the aperture large f-numbers, the deeper the depth of field."Many photographers use the aperture to get the desired depth of field because it can be easily controlled by simply changing the aperture. Subject distance focus distance and focal length are more influenced by the image composition the one hand, when you close the aperture large f-number f/11 to f/22, etc. the rays of light are forced to get through a smaller hole, narrowing the light beam. This increases the distance between the last two points that are considered to be acceptable sharp in front and behind the plane of focus, thus, allowing you to get a deeper depth of smaller the aperture, the larger area will produce blur spots smaller than the CoC and, thus, the deeper the depth of the other hand, the wider the aperture small f-number f/ f/ etc., the shallower the depth of field, resulting into a smaller portion of your image completely a look at the following two images shot with a full frame camera Nikon D4s in this case. Focus distance is kept constant at and focal length at 85mm, while aperture is changed from f/ to f/16. Notice how depth of field increases as aperture D4s 85mm f/ 1/6400s ISO 100 5650K Focus at In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - D4s 85mm f/16 1/6400s ISO 2800 5650K Focus at In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - the following image shows how depth of field increases when aperture is progressively decreased, while camera type Nikon D4s, focus distance - and focal length 85mm are kept I'd like to show you the relationship between depth of field and aperture numerically. If you use the PhotoPills DoF calculator to work out the depth of field for different apertures, the numbers will also show that depth of field increases as you decrease the vs Depth of FieldAperturef/ near limit m far limit m DoF m in distance m that, for a given focus distance, the percentage of depth of field in front of the focus point decreases and increases behind it as you close the using small apertures increases depth of field, one of the most common questions I get in my classes and workshops is"Why not using the smallest aperture to obtain as much sharpness as possible?"Actually you can't. Two practical facts limit your aperture first limitation is the exposure triangle. While you choose the aperture, you also need to take into account shutter speed and ISO in order to get a photo correctly exposed. Small apertures reduce the amount of light collected by the sensor. Consequently, you need to reduce shutter speed select a longer exposure time to maintain a consistent exposure, forcing you to use a tripod to prevent motion blur. The best solution here is increasing ISO instead of decreasing shutter second limitation is diffraction. As you stop down the aperture, the light passing through the lens tends to diffract more and more, decreasing the resolution of your photography and thus losing sharpness. I'll talk a little bit more about diffraction in section wider the aperture small f-number f/ etc. the less depth of field shallower.The smaller the aperture large f-number f/16, f/22, etc. the more depth of field deeper.Pay attention to diffraction when using small apertures f/16, f/22, because diffraction will make your images look more softened and less in macro photographyIn macro photography, the aperture choice is conditioned by subject distance and focal length the one hand, you'll need to get pretty close to the subject, from an inch to one or two feet 30-50cm depending on the focal length you use. On the other hand, you'll be using a macro lens 50-60mm, 90-105mm, 150-200mm. Both settings will lead you to get a very shallow depth of small apertures like f/11, f/14, f/16 and f/22 are a great choice to try to maximize depth of field considering the short leeway determined by the compulsory subject distance short and focal length long in portrait photographyIn portrait photography, your aperture choice will depend on the desired level of shallow depth of field, combined with the focal length choice usually more than 70mm.For a shallow depth of field effect, wide apertures like f/ and f/4 are great. Using them will help you keep your subject sharp while blurring all background say you need more depth of field because you'd like include interesting background elements that are close to the subject. Here, an aperture of f/8 would be a fantastic if you want to go for a deep depth of field, use smaller apertures like f/11, f/16 or less. Don't forget to always keep an eye to avoid the contrary, if you're using a wide angle lens 8-35mm, you can maximize depth of field by focusing at the hyperfocal distance. In most cases however, these focal lengths are not a good choice for portraits because its large field of view will force you to get too close to the subject, which might deform it. For example, if the subject fills the frame when shooting with a wide angle lens, the nose and the forehead might appear disproportionate and BardAperture in wildlife photographyGetting close to capture animals is very difficult. Wildlife photographers generally use telephoto lenses 300-600mm, whose depth of field is extremely increase depth of field and capture the whole animal in focus, you may be tempted to use small apertures f/8, f/11. In practice, the truth is that the aperture choice will depend on whether the animal is in motion or staying apertures might work when animals stay still, because you'll be able to freeze them and maintain a correct exposure by slowing the shutter speed increasing exposure time.But when animals move, you need a fast shutter speed exposure times under 1/1000s to freeze most movements and avoid blur. As a consequence, you are forced to use the widest aperture possible in your lens if you want to get a correctly exposed you need to find the right balance between aperture depth of field and shutter speed ability to freeze movement.One possible workaround is to push the ISO up. Depending on the camera you have, it's a good idea to shoot with the ISO setting in auto mode. For example, shooting at 1/1000s, f/8 and ISO auto mode between 400 and 12800 will work perfectly well in many in landscape photographyOnce you have decided the focal length you're going to use and the composition you want, select the aperture that will give you the desired level of sharpness. Usually, you'll want to maximize depth of field to keep the elements at the horizon in focus mountains, trees....If you're using a wide angle lens 14-35mm, focusing at the hyperfocal distance will maximize depth of field no matter the aperture you use. In this case, depending on the effect you want to create, your aperture choice will be a trade-off with shutter speed in order to get an image exposed correctly. For example, you might want to use long exposures to capture the movement of running water, which will force you to close aperture, reducing the amount of light collected, to get the right the contrary, if you're using longer focal lengths more than 70mm, and you still want to maximize depth of field, you must use smaller apertures f/11, f/16, and focus on a point located in the lower third of the in astrophotographyIn most of your captures, you'll be looking to maximize depth of field in order to get stars in sharp focus. But you'll also want to capture as many stars as this situation, the aperture choice doesn't involve depth of field. It's all about the amount of light collected. So, you'll need the widest aperture possible f/ f/ etc. and the longest exposure time possible to allow the sensor the collect the most light it can and, thus, capture the greatest number of question then is "Where to focus?". Again, since you want the stars in focus, and you'll be using a wide angle lens 14-35mm, focusing at the hyperfocal distance will maximize depth of of field vs diffractionDiffraction is the result of light dispersion caused by the edges of the diaphragm blades in the lens. This causes the images to look more softened and less sharp, with less larger apertures, only a small percentage of light is scattered. But as the aperture decreases, the percentage increases making the effect more visible – the size of the aperture gets roughly comparable to the light wavelength, increasing the amount of light rays scattered around the edges of the light waves are scattered, they start to interact with each other, adding in some places and canceling out in others. These waves form a diffraction pattern known as the Airy Airy disk created by passing a laser beam through a pinhole aperture source WikipediaThe diameter of the airy disk determines the smallest point to which a lens can focus a beam of light. It defines the theoretical maximum resolution for a lens. When the airy disk is larger than the circle of confusion or times the pixel size in the camera, your image will start to suffer from diffraction."Wait a minute Toni! All this information is great, but how does diffraction look like?"Take a look at the following photos taken with a camera Nikon D4s. The first photo was shot with an aperture of f/8. I took the second one using an aperture of f/32. Can you see the effects of diffraction? Well, it's not that effects of diffraction are very soft. You'll see them better in the cropped images compared in the animated GIF the following image, you see the effect of diffraction produced inside the black square region shown in the images above. The photo taken with an aperture of f/32 looks more softened and less sharp. This is caused by macro photography, diffraction can be used in a positive way to create beautiful shapes that produce different and authentic practice, what's important to keep in mind about diffraction isDiffraction cannot be completely eliminated. Even the resolution of the finest lens is limited by diffraction. Actually, high quality lenses that have been designed to suffer only from diffraction are said to be "diffraction limited".You need to test each one of your lens on your camera to find the aperture that is visibly affected by diffraction. To run the test, just shoot pictures at different apertures and check the results thoroughly with an editing software, zooming at 100% or more real pixels.Your aperture choice should be only limited by diffraction when it truly ruins your image. It's perfectly acceptable to have a little bit of diffraction when maximizing depth of you can use the PhotoPills Diffraction Calculator to assess the aperture at which your camera starts to produce images affected by of field vs subject distanceSubject distance, the distance at which you're focusing the lens, has a great impact on depth to field. The further you are from your subject the deeper the depth of field will be. Conversely, the closer the one way to reduce depth of field is by getting closer to your subject. That's what you would do while shooting a portrait. You want the subject to be in focus while blurring distracting elements in the foreground and see the numbers! Take a look at the following screenshots of PhotoPills' DoF calculator. In both cases, I'm using a 85mm focal length at f/2 on my Nikon D4s. In the first screenshot, I'm 2m from my subject, getting a total DoF of Whereas, in the second screenshot, I'm 10m from it, getting a total DoF of using the same camera my Nikon D4s, focal length 85mm, and aperture f/2, but changing the subject distance, I get the following depth of field tableSubject distance vs Depth of FieldSubject Distance m246102050100DoF near limit m far limit m DoF m in distance m can conclude from this table that the closer to the subject the shallower the depth of addition to this, when you're close to the subject, depth of field is rather evenly distributed around the focus point. But, as you move away from it, the percentage of depth of field in front of the focus point decreases while increases behind that the hyperfocal distance does not depend on subject distance. It remains equal when you change subject distance in the DoF calculator. Hyperfocal distance only depends on aperture, focal length, camera sensor and the hypothesis behind what is considered to be acceptable the photos I took with the settings I used in the PhotoPills' screenshots. Do you notice that I got a shallower depth of field when I got closer to the subject?Nikon D4s 85mm f/2 1/640s ISO 800 5650K Focus on the hut 2m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front 50% - DoF behind 50% - D4s 85mm f/2 1/640s ISO 800 5650K Focus on the hut 10m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front % - DoF behind - practice, the subject distance choice is not only based on the desired depth of field criteria. Depending on the type of photography, this choice is also influenced by other photography decisions like the elements you want in the frame when composing the image or whether it's possible to get close to the subject or not when photographing wildlife.For example, in macro photography, you need to be very close to the subject. The distance can go from just an inch to one or two feet 30-50 cm depending on your macro portrait photography, where you are shooting static subjects, you'll be relatively close to the subject 10-20 ft 3-6m. In wildlife photography, you should get as close as you can! In this case, a telephoto lens becomes in landscape photography, you'll be using a wide angle lens focused at the hyperfocal distance in most cases. Composition will define the position of the subject in your frame, not depth of closer to the subject, the shallower the depth of field. But as you get closer and closer to the subject, you'll find out that there is a distance from which your lens cannot focus. Thus, it's important to know the minimum focus distance of your lenses. This is the shortest distance at which a lens can focus measured from the sensor a lens with a long "minimum focus distance" limits the options for composing a shot. Also, it forces you to change the lens every now and then, which is very annoying. Obviously, a lens that allows you to focus at short distances too is much of field vs focal lengthKeeping all the settings equal focus distance, aperture, sensor size, CoC, larger focal lengths produce a much shallower depth of field. For example, a 100mm lens focused at 20ft 6m will have much less depth of field than a 24mm lens focused at 20ft 6m. Compare the depth of field values in the following D4s 100mm f/8 1/320s ISO 800 5650K Focus at the hut 6m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front % - DoF behind - D4s 24mm f/8 1/320s ISO 800 5650K Focus at the hut 6m In Focus from to ∞ Total DoF ∞Again, let's have a look at the numbers! Keeping constant the camera I'm still using my Nikon D4s, aperture f/8 and focus distance 20ft - 6m, the following table shows us that long focal lengths produce shallower depth of length vs Depth of FieldFocal length mm14243550100200300500DoF near limit m far limit m∞∞∞ DoF m∞∞∞ in behind∞∞∞ distance m distance increases dramatically with larger focal lengths. As a result it is impossible to precisely focus at such long distances. That's the reason you won't focus at the hyperfocal distance when using long focal lengths to maximize depth of field the focus point defined by the hyperfocal distance is too far away!Now, I'd like to explain you one interesting detail regarding focal length when focus distance is much shorter than hyperfocal distance but longer than what is considered a Macro distance macro photography.Since a different focal length produces a different frame and thus a different image, the question is"What happens when the subject covers the same proportion in the frame?"In other words, what happens when you're shooting the "same" image same frame or same field of view?When focus distance is adjusted to match field of view, total depth of field is virtually the same whether you're shooting with a wide-angle or a telephoto you have the numeric proof Nikon D4s, aperture f/ distance adjusted to match field of viewFocal length mmFocus distance mTotal DoF m I know, there is a tiny variation for the smaller focal lengths, but it can be ignored compared to the effects of aperture and focus distance subject distance.Now, is depth of field distributed in the same way around the plane of focus?The answer is NO!Focal length does have an impact on the percentage of depth of field in front of and behind the plane of focus. Long focal lengths produce a more evenly distributed depth of field around the plane of focus than short focal lengths. Again, numbers don't lie Nikon D4s, aperture f/ length impact on depth of field %Focal length mmFocus distance mDoF in frontDoF sum up, what you really need to know is that for the same focus distance and aperture, long focal lengths telephoto lenses produce shallower depth of field than short focal lengths wide angle lenses.TipsCompared to telephoto lenses, wide angle lenses provide a larger sharp area behind the focal plane, which is very useful in landscape focusing at short distances, the fact that long focal lengths produce a more evenly distributed depth of field around the point of focus blurring both foreground and background explains why they are extensively used in portrait of field vs teleconvertersA teleconverter is a secondary lens mounted between the camera and the lens. Its job is to enlarge the central part of an image. Unfortunately, it also reduces the amount of light reaching the film or sensor in a for depth of field, the effect is the same as if you were using a lens equivalent to the combination of the lens and the other words, if you're using a 2x converter on a 100mm lens equalling 200mm at f/ the depth of field is the same as if you're using a straight 200mm lens at f/ 2x converter duplicates the focal length by 2, but it also reduces by 2 stops the light collected. For example, using an aperture of f/ and a 2x converter, the sensor would capture the same light as if you were shooting with twice the focal length and an aperture of f/11. In both cases you'll get the same depth of D4s 100mm Nikon Tc-2x converter f/ 1/800s ISO 320 5650K Focus at 82ft 25m In Focus from ft to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - D4s 200mm f/11 1/800s ISO 250 5650K Without teleconverter Focus at 82ft 25m In Focus from ft to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - you input these settings into the PhotoPills DoF calculator, you'll see that depth of field is the of field vs sensor sizeI'll begin by explaining two important concepts that will help you understand the relationship between sensor size and depth of field crop factor and effective focal factorThe crop factor CF of a DSLR camera is the ratio of the diagonal of a 35mm frame to the diagonal of the image sensor of the camera. Remember that a 35mm frame has a size of 36×24mm, resulting into a diagonal of the following image, sensor size is and the diagonal = Diagonal 35mm / Diagonal Sensor = = focal lengthFor a given sensor size and focal length, the effective focal length also known as the 35mm equivalent focal length is the focal length that would produce the same field of view on a 35mm camera. It's calculated by multiplying the actual focal length of the lens by the crop factor of the focal length = Focal length x Crop factorImagine that you're shooting with a Nikon D7100 sensor size crop factor using a focal length of 35mm, an aperture of f/ and a focus distance of 10ft 3m.Since this camera has a crop factor of its effective focal length is 50mm In other words, 50mm is the focal length you need to use on a full frame camera to get the same field of view than a focal length of 35mm on a camera with a crop factor of following images show the same field of view. The first one shot with a Nikon D7100 and focal length 35mm. The second one shot with a Nikon D4s full frame and focal length D7100 35mm f/ 1/400s ISO100 5650K Focus at 10ft 3mNikon D4s 50mm f/ 1/1000s ISO100 5650K Focus at 10ft 3mSensor size vs Depth of FieldWhen it comes to sensor size vs depth of field, the rule is"For a given aperture and effective focal length, the larger the sensor, the shallower the depth of field."Therefore, full frame cameras produce shallower depth of field than APS-C cameras at the same effective focal length and aperture. Shooting portraits using a full frame camera results in more pleasant images, since it gives you more control over shallow depth of type the numbers into the PhotoPills DoF calculator for both images and you'll see that given the same aperture and effective focal length, a full frame camera produces a shallower depth of if you keep the same aperture, focal length nominal, not effective and focus distance and just change sensor size, depth of field won't be significantly affected. Let me prove it with a real a look at the following images. I used a 85mm lens not effective at f/2 on both, my Nikon D7100 sensor size and Nikon D4s full frame. The subject is 10 ft 3m away from the you notice any significant difference on depth of field?Not really!Nikon D7100 85mm f/2 1/640s ISO 800 5650K Focus at 10ft 3m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - D4s 85mm f/2 1/2500s ISO 800 5650K Focus at 10ft 3m In Focus from to Total DoF DoF in front - DoF behind - mWhat you see in the image is the crop effect. Place your tripod in a determined spot and take a photo with a crop sensor camera with the subject filling the frame. Then, take the same photo in exactly the same position with a full frame camera. You will have more space around the subject but depth of field variation is if you input these settings into the PhotoPills DoF Calculator, the numbers show the tiny depth of field difference between both sensor you wish to achieve the same photo with both cameras, you will have to use a larger focal length effective focal length on the full frame camera or get closer to the subject, either of which will affect the depth of other words, depth of field variations are due to the different fields of view produced by different sensor sizes. As the sensor gets larger, you need to get closer to the subject changing perspective or use a longer focal length in order to fill the frame with that subject. Therefore, if you want to keep the same depth of field on larger sensors than on cropped sensors, you'll need to use smaller aperture imagine that you shot a portrait using a 85mm lens at f/2 on your Nikon D7100 crop sensor. And now you'd like to find out the aperture and focal length you need to use on a Nikon D4s full frame to replicate the same depth of field shooting from the same position same perspective.How do you calculate it?Easy, use the PhotoPills Focal length match calculatorThe calculator is telling you that, when shooting with a full frame camera Nikon D4s, you need to use a 130mm lens and an aperture of f/ to have the same DoF and FoV. Therefore, you need to increase focal length and close a little bit the preview depth of field buttonDigital cameras allow us to quickly take a trial shot and check the depth of field directly on the image. That's why I don't really use the preview depth of field button of my digital camera. But I couldn't write an article about DoF without quickly mentioning you look through the viewfinder of your DSLR camera, you're actually looking through the lens at its widest you've read correctly, the lens is not set at the one you've chosen for the picture. This aperture that you chose will only be set at the right moment of taking the picture. As a consequence, the depth of field you're observing is shallower than the one you'll get in the image. Obviously, the exception is when you're shooting at the maximum most cameras keep the widest aperture until the shutter is pressed? Because it allows the camera to collect enough light for you to properly focus and frame the order to help you better assess the depth of field you'll get in the final image, almost all DSLR cameras include what is called the depth of field preview button. This button reduces the lens aperture to the set value, giving you a preview of the parts of the image that will be in sharp focus. That way you can reduce the trial and error when adjusting the aperture according to the depth of field you have in mind. This is particularly useful when shooting in film, where the cost of wasting a photo is very you press the depth of field preview button and then look through the viewfinder, you'll see that the DoF has increased compared to when using the widest aperture. However, you'll also find out that the viewfinder image is darker, making very hard to accurately judge the depth of happens because you're stopping down the aperture and, thus, cutting down the light that's being collected. This is one of the main reasons why many photographers think that the depth of field preview button is final word on how to use the DoF preview button. Pay attention on the out of focus areas of the composition. It's in this area that you'll see the big change as you set different photography and depth of fieldNikon D7100 105mm Macro f/4 1/400s ISO 100 5850KMacro photography is about photographing at close distances small subjects whose image on the sensor or film is as large as, or larger than, the subjects themselves."Macro" refers to the magnification of the image as it appears on the sensor. For example, 11 magnification means that the image of a subject cast onto the image sensor will be the same size as the subject. If the image is 5 times the real size of the subject, then magnification is 5 ratio of the subject size on the sensor plane to the real subject size is called the reproduction ratio 11, 21, 31, etc.. Lenses that are capable of reproduction ratios of 11 or greater are called macro a result, you'll need to get very close to the subject, from even less than an inch ∼ cm to one or two feet 30-50cm depending on the macro lens you good macro lens is key in macro photography because it is capable of focusing at amazingly short distances where non macro lenses way to get great magnifications is by using the reverse lens technique. Just turn the lens around so that the rear element points outwards, and the front element faces the camera body. Then, attach it to the camera using a special adapter. A lens has been designed to fit large subjects into the tiny sensor. So, if you reverse it, you can use it as a macro lens. For example, a 50mm lens will give you a magnification of 11. The wider the lens the larger the beginners use a 50-60mm macro lens, amateurs a 90-105mm, and pros 150-200mm, which allows to comfortably shoot from a larger distance 30-50cm or even more.If you're looking for a lens for macro photography, the following ones are greatNikon Micro-60mm f/ Macro 90mm f/ Macro 100m f/ Macro 60mm f/ Micro 105mm f/ Macro 150mm f/ Micro 200mm f/ important to point out that all macro lenses 50-60mm, 90-105mm and 150-200mm have the same reproduction ratio of 11. What changes is the working distance. The longer the focal length, the longer the working distance can be allowing you to work more comfortably. As you have guessed, the price goes up as well!This combination of short subject distance and long focal length produces a very shallow depth of field. Therefore, apertures of f/11, f/16, f/22 and even f/32 are great to try to maximize depth of field considering the short leeway determined by the compulsory subject distance short and focal length long macro photography, depth of field is also influenced by a new variable magnification. As you magnify a subject, depth of field becomes shallower it can even reach less than 1mm!, which makes controlling depth of field very new variable that affects depth of field is pupil magnification. This is the result of dividing the diameter of the exit pupil of a lens by its entrance pupil macro depth of fieldWhen the subject distance is so reduced that approaches focal length, for example shooting with a 100mm macro lens at a working distance of 4 inches 10cm, the classic depth of field calculator doesn't give correct values. This is due to not taking into account magnification and pupil magnification. If you want a good approximation to total depth of field you'll get in a macro shot, use the PhotoPills Macro DoF depth of field does only depend on magnification, pupil magnification, camera sensor and focal lengths around 50mm, not taking into account pupil magnification may work pretty well. But, when using long focal lengths, such as 105mm or 180mm, you should take into account pupil magnification to get more accurate the same magnification and camera sensor size, doubling the f-stop also doubles the total depth of field. Use the calculator to set the apertures f/8 and f/16 and you'll see how total depth of field doubles limit aperture in macroSince you'll be using small apertures to try to increase total depth of field f/16, f/22, f/32, diffraction will make your photos look more softened and less sharp. It'll reduce the resolution of your images. In this case, you should look for the trade-off between your aperture choice and aperture that causes the effects of diffraction is called the diffraction limited f-stop. But keep in mind that we're not talking about rigid boundaries here. The diffraction limited aperture gives you an approximation. It doesn't mean that larger apertures won't produce diffraction and smaller apertures will produce it. It only gives you an idea of what apertures are diffraction in mind that diffraction is not always a bad thing to have. Do not sacrifice a great photo idea because of diffraction. The idea you want to get across, the story you wanna tell is more important than the "negative" effect of diffraction. So, push aperture, don't be PhotoPills Macro Diffraction calculator will help you compute magnification and the diffraction limited to make the most of depth of field in macro photographyTake a look at the following picture. Notice that only the eye and part of one leg of the mantis is in focus, leaving out of focus other interesting parts of the insect antennae, body, etc..Nikon D700 105mm Macro f/8 1/180s ISO 400 7500KI focused on the mantis' eye, the best choice when photographing insects and people. As you can see, I got most of the mantis blurred, not due to poor focusing but because of shallow depth of how can you have the whole insect in focus?One option is to ignore depth of field and change the perspective. If you shoot the subject from a direction which allows you to fit most of the interesting parts of the insect along a single plane of focus, then you'll get all you need in sharp focus. You just need to make sure the focus plane is parallel to the insect body when shooting!Have a look at the following image of a D300s 105mm macro f/6 1/125s ISO 200 6600KAnother option is a technique called focus stacking, especially if you don't want to change the perspective. It consists in shooting a series of images with an identical composition, each one focused on a plane of different depth on the body of the insect. The goal is that all the parts you want in focus in the final image must be in sharp focus in at least one image of the do so, you'll need at least a basic manual focus slider to move the camera after each shot or to slowly turn the focus ring. Alternatively, if you're a more advanced photographer, I recommend you an automated system like the at home, you can use a software like Helicon Focus or Photoshop stacking to automatically select the focused parts of each images and stack them together into the final image that the following image, the whole orchid in sharp D700 105mm f/8 1/30s ISO 200 5000K 12 and 20mm extension tubes 6 images vs depth of fieldNikon D300s 125mm f/ 1/180" ISO 3200 3650KBokeh is the Japanese word for "blur". In photography, it is used to describe the quality of the blur produced in the out of focus areas of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh and shallow depth of field are not the other words, while shallow depth of field refers to the part of the image that is acceptably sharp, bokeh refers to the quality of the background and foreground blur, whether it is smooth or on the lens design, the blur in the image can be soft and pleasant or harsh and distracting to the eye. That's the difference between good or bad bokeh. For example, compare the background blur of these two crops. Do you see the difference?The Nikon 18-105mm f/ zoom lens produces poor Nikon 85mm f/ lens produces beautiful Nikon 18-105mm f/ zoom has a harsh bokeh, whereas the Nikon 85mm f/ lens has a very smooth looking out of focus love using good bokeh as a way of making the backgrounds more interesting. When shooting at shallow depth of field, good bokeh is important so that the subject stands out sharply against a pleasantly blurred you choose a lens with the goal of achieving great bokeh, pay attention to its design. Look for lenses that have been corrected to compensate for optical aberrations, and that have aperture blades with curved edges to make the aperture more closely approximate a circle rather than a blades define the shape and size of your bokeh. The wider the aperture the wider your bokeh, and the more blades are used to produce the aperture the better. Expensive lenses may have 8 diaphragm blades whereas cheaper ones have only 5, producing a poorer a look to the bokeh changes as you increase the producing great bokeh are theNikon 85mm f/ 24-70mm f/ 28-70mm f/ 24-70mm f/ you're looking for an even more beautiful bokeh, I recommend you theNikon 135mm f/2 200mm f/2 200mm f/2 the other hand, forget about the following lenses because they will give you very bad bokehNikon 50mm f/ 50mm f/ 18-105mm f/ 24-105mm f/ that you've chosen the right lens for your desired bokeh, here are a few tips to help you achieve nice bokehChoose a long focal length like 50 mm or more to get shallow depth of a wide aperture f/ f/ f/ close to the your lens on the area you want to be crisp and your subject far from the background that you want blurred is most visible around small background highlights, such as specular reflections and light sources stars.Have a look at a few photos and conclude if the bokeh is pleasant or D7100 85mm f/ 1/100s ISO 800 3700KNikon D4s 125mm f/8 1/6400s ISO 1600 3700KNikon D4s 200mm f/ 1/640s ISO 100 5650KNikon D700 500mm f/ 1/190s ISO 400 5300KFinally, I can't end this guide without talking a little bit about custom bokeh right! You can artificially produce beautiful background blur effects by making a bokeh template for your lens. All you have to do isTake a pencil and draw the circumference of your lens on a card. Place the lens on the card and draw around the shape you want right in the middle of the circle. It's size should be pretty small, less than an inch 15-20mm should be a cutting blade to cut out the template. Make sure you cut following a larger circle outside the first one so that the template overlaps the front of the lens. Then, fasten the template over the lens with an elastic shooting, make sure you have background highlights candles, christmas lights, street lights, fireworks, stars, alternative is to buy already made Shapes Masters KitFinally, watch this Bokeh Master Kit video review by the guys at DigitalRev TV. It is a little bit crazy, but it's so fun. I love these guys! secret to improve"There's a difference between knowing the path and walking the path". – Morpheus, The Matrix 1999Hey PhotoPiller! Congratulations!You've made it! You're a hero!Believe it or not, you've just gone through more than words on depth of field. This is the kind of material that would destroy Superman, even worse than kryptonite. But look at you, here you are, safe and good news is that now you know everything you need to put depth of field at your service. You are capable of shooting pictures that will surprise the world. You can capture images that will give know the path. Now, you just have to let your imagination knowing the path is never enough. It won't help you improve your photography. It won't help you improve in life. The secret is to start walking it!I used to be one of those people that believe knowledge is power. I was persuaded that, by mastering knowledge, I would be capable of achieving my goals in life. How wrong I was...Throughout time, life has taught me that the only way to improve is by putting the theory into practice, by walking the path. It's only when you plunge into the real world that you realize you actually don't know how to apply it. You thought it was crystal clear, but it's far from soon as you feel this "aha" moment, take a deep breath, show character and say to yourself "I'm going to do it, no matter what it takes. I'm not giving up!"And guess what? You're not alone, we're here to walk the path with you. When you'll need us, you'll have leave a comment below these lines or contact us. Your comments, questions and feedback will surely help both of us too short to take it too seriously. A little bit of crazy fun is always more than welcome. So, for now, I'll leave you with the Bard impersonating Morpheus, The Matrix."This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back. You take the Skull pill – the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take PhotoPills – you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes. Remember all I'm offering are Legendary Photos and Goosebumps, nothing more."The making of light painting with Germán the Developer, Rafael the Bard and myself the Photographer.Keep imagination high!Happy DoF!Antoni Cladera is a landscape photographer commited to the environment. Artist of the Spanish Confederation of Photography and member of the Spanish Association of Nature Photographers AEFONA. He's part of the PhotoPills thanks to Sandra Vallaure, a great photographer and friend, for her tremendous help in making this article Some links on this page are affiliate links. What does this mean? If you buy/rent using these links you're helping support us and it costs you nothing extra. Thank you for your support. Depth of Field The Definitive Photography Guide Get this ebook for free now!
Byusing your focal length to create depth of field you can magnify your subject and really help it to fill the frame. Your subject may be far away in which case using a zoom lens like the 40-150mm f2.8 will help to bring it closer to you. Additionally, if you're shooting with a wide aperture like f2.8, you can then also add the effect of
Fotografi 2 Depth Of Field DOF Depth of field DOF merupakan salah satu prinsip dasar fotografi yang berhubungan dengan fokus. Pengaturan fokus dalam kegiatan fotografi amatlah menentukan karena akan terlihat apa yang menjadi pokok pembicaraan dalam sebuah foto. Ruang ketajaman adalah jumlah jarak antara benda-benda terdekat dan terjauh yang muncul dalam fokus dan direkam dengan tajam dalam sebuah foto atau ukuran seberapa jauh bidang fokus dalam foto. Ruang ketajaman terjadi sebagai transisi bertahap. Aperture dan jarak fokus adalah dua faktor utama yang menentukan dalam prinsip ruang ketajaman. Pemilihan ruang ketajaman dalam sebuah gambar bisa sangat subjektif. Maka penggunaan ruang ketajaman dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan efek dalam sebuah foto. Sebuah foto dengan latar belakang atau latar depan yang dikaburkan dengan objek utama yang tajam, maka zone yang tajam ini disebut sebagai ruang tajam/depth of field. Depth of field dapat memberikan kesan kedalaman pada sebuah foto sehingga objek tampak menonjol dan ada sebuah dimensi. f/ f/ f/ Faktor dasar Depth of field terdiri dari aperture diafragma dan jarak fokus. Penggunaan diafragma yang besar menghasilkan ruang tajam yang pendek, sedangkan penggunaan diafragma yang kecil memperpanjang/memperluas wilayah ketajaman. Ruang ketajaman diatur oleh tiga faktor aperture, panjang fokus lensa dan jarak pemotretan. Dalam penggunaan teknik depth of field dikenal beberapa macam - DOF sempit ruang tajam sempit - DOF luas ruang tajam luas - Selective focus DOF Sempit Merupakan teknis fotografi dengan menggunakan diafragma/bukaan lebar sebagai prioritas utama f Penggunaan teknik DOF yang sempit shallow berarti hanya bagian obyek pada titik tertentu saja yang tajam sementara sisanya akan blur/ tidak fokus. Teknis DOF sempit untuk menarik perhatian pemirsa dengan fokus pada subjek utama serta menutup sebagai latar belakang yang mengganggu. Inti dari teknis ini adalah semakin dekat subjek dalam fokus ke kamera, ruang ketajaman akan lebih "dangkal/sempit". DOF Luas Merupakan teknis fotografi dengan menggunakan diafragma/bukaan kecil sebagai prioritas utama f 11,16,22,32. Penggunaan teknik DOF luas menampilkan sebagian besar obyek foto dari obyek terdekat dari kamera sampai obyek terjauh akan terlihat tajam dan fokus. Penggunaan aperture/diafragma yang lebih kecil untuk mencapai kedalaman MAKSIMUM untuk memastikan semua elemen berada dalam fokus. Selective Focus Merupakan teknis fotografi dengan menggunakan diafragma/bukaan lebar sebagai prioritas utama f Dalam teknik ini fokus objek dipilih pada area tengah objek atau middle ground dengan mengabaikan foreground dan background. Teknis selektif fokus untuk menarik perhatian pemirsa dengan fokus pada subjek utama serta mengaburkan latar depan dan latar belakang agar terjadi dimensi pada foto. Inti dari teknis ini adalah memotret objek yang bertumpuk agar tercapai dimensi pada foto. Terima Kasih uny2013
Lensa50 mm dan 55 mm merupakan jenis lensa fix yang paling umum digunakan oleh fotografer pemula dan profesional. Jika Anda berada di tempat yang sempit, area yang dapat dipotret kemungkinan akan mengalami crop yang banyak. Jadi, ada baiknya Anda menggunakan lensa fix berukuran 50 mm dan 55 mm di area yang luas. Umumnya, lensa ini digunakan untuk mengabadikan momen penting seperti pernikahan. How to use the DoF TableThis depth of field chart is the fastest way to have your DoF calculations done. Also, it comes in very handy to visualize how depth of field changes with aperture and subject distance for the selected camera and focal introduce your camera, focal length, subject distance focus distance and aperture to calculate the depth of field valuesHyperfocal distance The first row of the table gives you the hyperfocal distance, which is the closest distance at which a lens can be focused while keeping objects at infinity acceptably sharp. When the lens is focused at this distance, all objects at distances from half of the hyperfocal distance out to infinity will be acceptably sharp. It is typically used to maximize depth of field in night photography and landscape photography. Notice that hyperfocal distance doesn’t depend on subject depth of field DOF The distance between the farthest and nearest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image. This can also be identified as the zone of acceptable sharpness in front of and behind the plane of focus where the lens is focused.DOF near limit The distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably far limit The distance between the camera and the farthest element that is considered to be acceptably depth of fieldGetting the control over depth of field is not easy. You'll need to learn the concept and practice a lot. We've put together everything we know about depht of field in the following articleDepth of Field The Definitive GuideI'm sure this article will help you learn how to shoot deep depth of field...... and also how to shoot shallow depth of field. Get the control!DoF Table in PhotoPills appThis depth of field chart is also available in PhotoPills app, extended with an augmented reality view to help you visualize where to focus. Note given the sensor size, the circle of confusion is calculated assuming a print size of 8''×10'' 20cm×25cm, a viewing distance of 10" 25cm and the manufacturers standard visual acuity. Finally, If you're interested in improving your photography, check our detailed photography guides onMilky Way PhotographyMoon PhotographyAstronomical Events PhotographyStar Trails PhotographyMeteor Showers PhotographyLens Filters and Long Exposure PhotographyDrone PhotographySolar Eclipses PhotographyLunar Eclipses PhotographyFull Moon Silhouettes VideosHow to find sunrises and to find moonrises and also check these fundamental photography guidesNatural Light Golden Hour, Blue Hour and TwilightsExposureDepth of FieldHow to embed the DoF Table on your websiteTake the power of PhotoPills’ Depth of Field DOF Table with you. Just copy the following lines and paste them within the code of your website, right in the place where you want to embed itThe code will run asynchronously, without penalizing the loading time of your website. Comments
Thereare several methods of performing depth of field effects in Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) that you can use. These have been broken into two categories: Cinematic: This method provides a cinematic and filmic look to depth of field effects. Adjustments for this method align more with common camera options available in photography and cinematography.
Ada banyak sekali teknik pengambilan gambar yang perlu Anda pelajari jika ingin menjadi fotografer handal. Terlebih jika Anda menggunakan kamera DSLR atau mirrorless. Pengambilan gambar akan dilakukan secara manual termasuk menggunakan Depth of Field yang gampang-gampang susah. Setelah menguasai teknik Depth of Field atau sering disebut dengan nama DOF ini, gambar yang dihasilkan bisa tajam dan memiliki fokus. Jadi, tidak asal memotret saja, tapi juga mempertimbangkan aspek panjang lensa sampai ke aperture. Apa itu Depth of Field?Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depth of Field1. Aperture2. Jarak Kamera dengan Objek3. Panjang Fokus Lensa4. Ukuran SensorJenis Depth of Field1. DOF Sempit2. DOF LebarRumus Depth of FieldLensa dengan Kecepatan TinggiTips Sederhana Seputar DoF Apa itu Depth of Field? Saat memperhatikan gambar, pasti Anda akan menemukan mana objek yang tampak dengan jelas dan mana saja objek yang agak blur. Objek yang tampak jelas memiliki fokus yang baik dan di sekitarnya jadi seperti latar belakang yang mendukungnya. Dengan kata lain, Depth Of Field DOF adalah cara lensa dalam menampilkan kedalaman ruang berdasarkan perbedaan rentang jarak objek dalam menghasilkan variasi fokus pada gambar. Teknik pemotretan yang memberikan fokus pada satu atau beberapa objek ini diberi nama depth of field atau DOF. Dengan teknik ini, gambar yang diambil bisa memiliki ketajaman sempurna dan tampak lebih menonjol dari yang lain. Kalau Anda menggunakan kamera kekinian, DOF ini mirip sekali dengan efek bokeh. Jadi, hanya ada satu objek yang jadi fokus dan hasilnya tajam. Objek lain umumnya jadi blur tapi tidak sempurna karena seperti dipaksakan. Blur yang mengelilingi gambar yang tajam juga harus memiliki transisi yang baik. Jadi, gambar terlihat lebih natural. Oleh karena itu, teknik pengambilan gambar secara manual dengan mempertimbangkan banyak aspek dan faktor sangat penting untuk dipelajari. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depth of Field DOF umumnya tidak secara otomatis bisa dipakai, itulah kenapa cara ini menjadi teknik yang agak sulit untuk dipelajari. Supaya Anda memahami DOF lebih dalam, ada beberapa faktor yang harus dimantapkan terlebih dahulu, berikut selengkapnya 1. Aperture Aperture sering disebut sebagai bukaan dari lensa. Saat bagian dari aperture ini terbuka, cahaya akan ikut masuk ke dalam dan memberikan kecerahan pada objek. Itulah kenapa bukaan yang besar atau kecil mempengaruhi DOF dari objek yang akan diambil gambarnya. Secara teori, aperture yang terlalu besar membuat gambar tidak terlalu bagus dari sisi fokus. Sebaliknya kalau aperture disetel lebih kecil, fokus akan menjadi lebih baik dan gambar semakin tajam khususnya pada jarak tertentu. Lakukan eksplorasi terkait dengan aperture ini dengan baik dengan mengecek hasil foto dari objek yang sama berkali-kali. Anda akan menemukan formula sendiri sehingga masalah bukaan ini bisa lebih dikuasai lagi. Anda tidak perlu terus menggunakan aperture yang ukurannya kecil. Karena objek yang kita foto tidak hanya satu jenis saja. Kadang dengan bukaan besar hasilnya jauh lebih bagus. Jadi, jangan berpatokan pada teori saja, ya! 2. Jarak Kamera dengan Objek Jarak kamera dengan objek juga berpengaruh dalam teknik DOF. Karena kita bisa mendapatkan gambar dengan objek yang bervariasi. Misal Anda ingin mendapatkan fokus pada objek yang kecil dan tunggal, jarak umumnya diperkecil agar sisi lain tidak terlihat. Sebaliknya kalau objek yang akan diambil gambarnya lebar, Anda bisa agar geser ke belakang agar semua objek masuk ke dalam lensa. Setelah semua masuk, baru Anda bisa mengatur fokusnya agar sesuai dengan keinginan. Masalah jarak ini sebenarnya agak intuitif dan tidak terlalu teknikal. Kalau Anda merasa hasil bidikan kurang sempurna, jarak bisa dipanjangkan atau dipendekkan. Ingat, apa yang dilihat oleh mata dan lensa adalah yang paling baik daripada tekniknya. 3. Panjang Fokus Lensa Lensa dengan fokus pendek dianggap yang paling baik untuk memberikan DOF pada objek. Sebaliknya, lensa tele yang fokusnya lebar dianggap tidak terlalu baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan mengambil gambar dengan jarak yang sama. Sebenarnya masalah fokus lensa ini Anda bisa mengikuti teori yang sudah dibahas di atas. Namun, Anda juga bisa menggunakan apa yang dilihat pada mata sebagai patokannya. Biasanya masalah cahaya, kualitas kamera, dan ketepatan pengambilan gambar juga berpengaruh. 4. Ukuran Sensor Banyak yang mengatakan kalau sensor dari kamera yang kecil bisa menghasilkan gambar dengan kualitas yang sempurna. DOF akan terlihat dengan jelas dan tajam. Sebaliknya, kamera dengan sensor yang terlalu besar menghasilkan gambar dengan kualitas yang biasa saja. Anda boleh mengikuti teori yang dipakai oleh banyak orang itu. Namun, kembali lagi pada jenis kamera yang saat ini Anda gunakan. Antara satu kamera dengan lainnya memiliki perbedaan sehingga teori itu sedikit sulit untuk dipakai secara umum. Umumnya fotografer profesional menggunakan sensor yang berkualitas alih-alih menggunakan yang besar atau kecil. Yang penting mereka bisa menyesuaikan dengan jarak dan bukaan pada lensa untuk mendapatkan gambar dengan kualitas baik serta DOF yang sempurna. Jenis Depth of Field Secara umum ada dua jenis DOF yang banyak digunakan oleh fotografer. Keduanya bisa digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan fotografi Anda. 1. DOF Sempit Foto ini diambil dengan nilai Aperture F/2 Objek yang tidak terlalu besar membutuhkan DOF yang sempit agar fokusnya sempurna dan tidak melenceng. Untuk melakukan ini aperture akan dibuat agak lebar. Anda bisa menyesuaikan jaraknya dengan bergerak maju atau mundur agar hasilnya sempurna. DOF dengan ruang sempit ini akan membuat objek tampak lebih tajam dan sisi di belakang atau di depannya tampak lebih kabur. Anda bisa melakukan coba-coba dengan jarak dan aperture untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sempurna. 2. DOF Lebar Pengaturan Aperture f/22 Apabila objek yang akan diambil fokusnya agak lebar, maka aperture harus dibuat lebih kecil. Dengan begitu, objek akan mendapatkan fokus yang merata. Tidak hanya di satu titik saja, tapi juga di sekelilingnya. Supaya bisa memahami DOF yang melebar ini Anda tidak bisa melakukannya dengan asal-asalan. Pastikan untuk menyetel aperture dan membuat jarak yang sesuai. Lambat laun Anda akan memahami sendiri dan terbiasa meski tidak harus memakai rumus. Rumus Depth of Field Kalau Anda melihat rumus tentang depth of field di internet, sebagian besar menggunakan cara yang cukup rumit dan kadang sulit dipahami oleh pemula. Karena hitungannya sangat teknikal dan cenderung seperti pelajaran fisika. Nah, untuk memudahkan Anda untuk melakukan penghitungan, gunakan rumus di bawah ini sebagai pendekatannya. Kalau Anda ingin memakai formula asli bisa memakai seperti yang sudah dituliskan di Wikipedia. Namun, untuk pendekatan bisa memakai di bawah ini. DoF≈2S×S/H= 2Acs/f² A adalah aperture, c adalah circle of confusion, f merupakan focal length, s adalah jarak ke objek, H merupakan hyperfocal distance. Atau jika Anda ingin memakai formula asli, Anda bisa mengunjungi website dan akan mengkalkulasi secara otomatis sesuai kebutuhan. Lensa dengan Kecepatan Tinggi Ketika membahas tentang kecepatan sebuah lensa, maka erat kaitannya dengan seberapa besar bukaan lensa dapat dibuka. karena bukaan aperture yang lebih besar akan meningkatkan kecepatan dengan jumlah cahaya yang sama. Lensa prime dengan kualitas tinggi seperti 35mm, 50mm atau 85mm akan turun serendah f / 2 atau bahkan f / akan menghasilkan Depth of Field yang sangat tipis. Untuk bidikan potret dengan 50mm f / Anda bisa fokus pada mata, dan ujung hidung akan tetapi akan buram pada telinga. Jika lensa Anda adalah 24-105mm f / hingga f / artinya pada 24mm Anda dapat mencapai serendah f / tetapi ketika di-zoom ke 105mm, aperture terbesar yang didapat adalah f / Tips Sederhana Seputar DoF Untuk meningkatkan area Depth of Field Lebar Gunakan aperture kecil angka yang lebih tinggi mis. f / 16 atau f / 22Gunakan lensa wide. Misalnya. 14mm atau 24mmTempatkan objek jauh dari kamera. Untuk menghasilkan area Depth of Field yang sempit Gunakan aperture besar. Misalnya. F / atau f / in lensa. Misalnya. 80mm atau 200mmDekatkan objek ke lensa. Ternyata depth of field atau DOF ini sangat penting dalam dunia fotografi. Kalau Anda masih sangat pemula, teknik ini harus dikuasai dengan baik agar kualitas foto mengalami peningkatan. Selanjutnya, Anda bisa menguasai teknik lain yang sekiranya cocok dengan style foto. Memahami DOF ini tidak mudah, apalagi ada hitungan rumusnya agar akurat. Namun, balik lagi kalau masalah pengambilan gambar itu juga menggunakan rasa dan insting. Dua hal itu harus Anda asah berbarengan dengan hal-hal yang sifatnya sangat teknikal. HowTo Ip Unban Yourself From A Minecraft Server
Image Credit Flickr Cara obyek direproduksi dalam sebuah foto bisa sangat berbeda dari bagaimana ia tampil ketika diambil gambarnya. Ketika Anda menatap dengan mata Anda ke seluruh obyek, segala sesuatu di dalamnya tampak kurang lebih sama tajam, tapi kadang-kadang hanya fokus bagian tertentu obyek foto sehingga tampak tajam dan tampak blur di bagian selainnya. Disini akan kita bahasa penjelasan mengenai DOF. Zona ketajaman ini disebut depth-of-field DOF, yaitu ketajaman yang membentang ke depan dan ke belakang dari titik yang benar-benar menjadi fokus pada saat itu. Ukuran zona ketajaman ditentukan oleh tiga faktor utama – aperture atau bukaan lensa, panjang fokus lensa dan jarak Anda dari subjek. Memvariasikan ketiga elemen ini memungkinkan Anda mengontrol hampir penuh atas hasil depth-of-field dalam foto/gambar. Ilustrasi Depth of Field area ketajaman Ketika sebagian besar bagian obyek pada gambar terlihat tajam, maka kita katakan DOF luas. Bila hanya beberapa bagian saja yang tajam, maka kita katakan DOF sempit atau terbatas. Apakah kita akan menggunakan depth-of-field luas atau sempit tergantung pada konsep dan bagaimana ingin menggambarkan obyek terkait. Tiga faktor utama yang dapat digunakan untuk mengontrol DOF. Faktor Utama Penentu DOF 1. Aperture Lensa Hubungan langsung antara aperture dan depth-of-field yaitu semakin kecil aperture, semakin luas depth-of-field artinya semakin banyak bagian yang tajam dan sebaliknya, semakin besar aperture semakin sempit depth-of-field semakin sedikit bagian yang tajam. Jadi jika Anda ingin mendapatkan sebanyak mungkin bagian foto yang tajam, setting sekecil mungkin aperture – misal antara f/16, atau bahkan f/22 jika lensa mendukung. Jangan lupakan kondisi pencahayaan, mungkin perlu menggunakan tripod atau bentuk lain yang membuat kamera stabil karena dengan aperture kecil kecepatan shutter membutuhkan lebih lama sehingga menciptakan risiko hasil foto blur karena kamera-goyang. Namun, jika Anda ingin memusatkan perhatian hanya pada satu bagian dari obyek foto, dan membuang sisanya agar blur/out-of-focus, sebaiknya pilih aperture besar. Seberapa besar persisnya ini bisa tergantung pada aperture maksimum lensa yang Anda gunakan. Pada lensa standar 50mm bisa f/1,7 f/1,8 atau f/2, tetapi untuk standar biasanya sekitar f/3,5 atau f / 4,5. Untuk pengambilan gambar pada umumnya, bila Anda ingin sebagian besar bagian foto tajam, Anda bisa mengatur aperture sekitar f/8 sampai f/11. Ini bisa dicapai dengan setting mode eksposur Program dimana akan diatur secara otomatis oleh kamera. Bila memungkinkan Anda harus mengambil kendali seleksi aperture dan menggunakan Aperture-Priority atau mode manual. Berikut adalah contoh bagaimana menggunakan lensa Nikon lama untuk membantu menunjukkan skala dan kedalaman lapangan berdasarkan aperture yang dipilih. Lensa diatur ke aperture f/8, segala obyek dari jarak infinity simbol yang terlihat seperti angka delapan ke jarak 5kaki akan tampak tajam. Lensa diatur ke aperture f/22, segala obyek dari jarak infinity simbol yang terlihat seperti angka delapan ke jarak 2 kaki akan tampak tajam. 2. Panjang Fokus Lensa Menggunakan lensa wide-angle Anda akan mendapatkan keuntungan dari depth-of-field yang luas, yang membuatnya mudah untuk menjaga semua bagian obyek dalam foto dalam fokus. Semakin lebar sudut view, semakin besar dept-of-field. Sebaliknya jika menggunakan lensa tele maka depth-of-field lebih terbatas. Semakin besar focal-length lensa tele, semakin membatasi zona ketajaman. Sebagai contoh pengaruh menggunakan focal length yang berbeda adalah. Lensa Nikon 28mm wide-angle di f/22 akan memberikan hasil yang tajam dari jarak 2 kaki hingga jarak infinity tak terbatas. Sedangkan lensa Micro Nikkor 55mm dari jarak 7 kaki hingga infinity. Dan lensa Nikkor 105mm dari jarak sekitar 28 meter hingga tak terbatas. 3. Jarak Kamera ke Obyek Semakin dekat kamera dengan obyek foto maka semaki terbatas depth-of-field atau ruang ketajaman. Bahkan, saat pengambilan foto close-up atau macro maka ruang ketajaman akan menjadi sangat sempit hanya beberapa milimeter di depan dan di belakang obyek. Jadi di atas adalah penjelasan secara teorinya, perlu banyak berlatih praktek langsung sekian lama untuk mendapatkan feel mengenai DOF ini. Bersambung ke Bagian-2 yaitu contoh teknik umum menggunakan depth-of-field Bagian Kedua source Author Recent Posts A writer and photographer with a passion for technology, astronomy, and virtual reality. Skilled in multiple programming languages, specializing in software architecture.
Thedistance between the camera and the subject in the first set of images is 1.5 meters. I reduced the aperture after each shot. Nearly half a meter separates the two sets of lenses. There are two things to keep in mind. The depth of field (DoF) increases as the aperture is shrunk in each image. Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFI - Apakah sahabat sedang mencari informasi tentang BELAJAR FOTOGRAFI ?, Nah isi dalam Artikel ini disusun agar pembaca dapat memperluas pegetahuan tentang Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFI, kami telah mempersiapkan artikel ini dengan referensi dari semua pembahasan untuk anda baca dan ambil informasi didalamnya. mudah-mudahan isi postingan Artikel Pemula, yang kami suguhkan ini dapat anda pahami. baiklah, selamat membaca. Judul Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFIlink Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFI Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFI Depth of Field DOF atau ruang ketajaman atau kedalaman ruang adalah penjelasan tentang seberapa luas area yang tajam dan area yang tidak tajam blur pada sebuah gambar. Dalam artikel ini kita akan membahas seperti apa itu yang dimaksud ruang ketajaman dan faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya DOF lebar maupun DOF sempit. Pada gambar pertama di atas area yang tajam terletak pada subjek patung utamanya kepala dan sedikit area duduk patung, selain dari itu semua area dalam frame tampak blur. Nah, seberapa luas area yang tajam dan seberapa luas area yang blur pada gambar di atas itulah inti pembahasan dari depth of field. Sedangkan arti kata "tajam" di sini adalah bagian dari gambar yang detailnya jelas terlihat dan tidak mengalami blur. Depth of field ini berprioritas pada seberapa luas area yang tajam pada gambar dan menyisakan bagian yang tidak tajam blur. Dan juga menjadi salah satu variabel yang ikut mendukung intensitas blur pada background. Perbedaan DOF Lebar & DOF Sempit DOF yang lebar dan DOF yang sempit adalah tidak lain merupakan luas dan sempitnya area yang tajam pada gambar. Jadi ketika area yang tajam lebih luas ketimbang area yang blur maka ia dikatakan sebagai DOF lebar, begitupula sebaliknya. Mudah dipahami kan? Contohnya seperti subjek patung di atas, yang karena area yang tajam tidak begitu luas yaitu hanya pada subjek patung khususnya area kepala dan sedikit area duduk patung, sedangkan area yang blur lebih luas sehingga foto di atas dikategorikan sebagai DOF sempit. Sedangkan contoh sederhana untuk DOF lebar coba Anda perhatikan sebuah foto yang diambil menggunakan kamera ponsel. Pada umumnya foto yang dihasilkan oleh kamera ponsel adalah DOF lebar yang dimana hampir semua bagian foto tampak jelas, bahkan mungkin Anda pernah melihat tidak ada satu bagianpun dari gambar yang mengalami blur. Faktor Terbentuknya Depth of Field Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi depth of field ini adalah bukaan lensa yang juga disebut sebagai aperture atau diafragma. Jadi, kunci untuk memberlakukan "seberapa luas area tajam" yang akan terjadi pada gambar adalah tergantung dari penggunaan aperture atau difragma lensa. Teorinya yaitu semakin lebar bukaan aperture yang digunakan maka semakin sempit area tajam pada gambar, begitupula sebaliknya. Selamat belajar!! Demikianlah Artikel Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFISekianlah artikel Tentang Depth of Field DOF Dalam Fotografi BELAJAR FOTOGRAFI kali ini, mudah-mudahan bisa memberi manfaat untuk anda semua. baiklah, Karena keterbatasan pengetahuan maupun pengalaman kami, Kami yakin masih banyak kekurangan dalam makalah ini, Oleh karena itu kami sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca demi kesempurnaan artikel ini. Movingthe subject even just a little further away causes the blurry region to get big fast. This is called Shallow Depth of Field. Now, just a tiny slice of our scene will be in focus. So with a small aperture, or large F Stop, the depth of field is deep. The entire scene is in focus. With a larger aperture, or smaller F Stop, the depth of Profundidade de campo "depth of field" em inglês, ou simplesmente DOF é a relação entre o objeto focado e tudo o que está ao redor. Trocando em miúdos, ela define o quanto um objeto está focado em relação aos demais assuntos em uma cena. Cachorro como objeto central da foto, em foco Foto Reprodução — Foto TechTudo A profundidade de campo tem relação direta com o foco, com a nitidez de uma fotografia. São três os itens considerados para construi-la a abertura de lente, distância focal e a proximidade entre o fotógrafo e o objeto. Você pode conferir as técnicas para deixar o fundo de fotos desfocado em artigo publicado pelo TechTudo. Para que serve a profundidade focal? Importante para dar a nitidez necessária ao objeto, cena ou modelo, a profundidade de campo também é a dica para quem quer fazer fotos com uma pitada de arte. O desfoque se tornou uma marca interessante para produzir composições sofisticadas. Retratos, por exemplo, se saem bem ao ter o efeito aplicado. Não à toa, o Photoshop implementou recurso com o mesmo efeito para gerar em fotos "prontas". saiba mais X5B3y.
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